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Avoiding Plagiarism
ENG 102 Guides

Link to Syllabus

Most students would never intentionally steal objects.
All too often, however, they steal another writer's ideas and words-they plagiarize.
To be fair and to avoid even the appearance of plagiarism,
always use your own words and generously credit your sources.

Be careful when you use research that others have done. Only information that is widely available from a variety of sources-such as historic facts and geographic data-can be used without giving credit.

For example, if you were writing a research paper on earthquakes and you wanted to do some comparing of California earthquakes to others throughout history, you could find and use the dates and locations of other major earthquakes without referencing a specific source because similar information is available from any number of sources. If, however, you wanted to use a person's story about an earthquake, an analysis of the cause of an earthquake, or even a description of an earthquake, you would have to give credit to your source.

To serve as an example, this is an original paragraph from Joan Delfattore's book.

In the Dick and Jane readers some of us remember from our childhoods, a family consisted of a married couple, two or three well-behaved children, and a dog and a cat. Father wore suits and went out to work; mother wore aprons and baked cupcakes. Little girls sat demurely watching little boys climb trees. Home meant a single-family house in a middle-class suburban neighborhood. Color the lawn green. Color the people white. Family life in the textbook world was idyllic; parents did not quarrel, children did not disobey, and babies did not throw up on the dog.
................................Joan Delfattore, _What Johnny Shouldn't Read-
Textbook Censorship in America_

These three paragraphs illustrate common ways Delfattore's paragraph is plagiarized:

In the Dick and Jane readers some of us remember from our childhoods, a family consisted of a married couple, two or three well-behaved children, and a dog and a cat. Father wore suits and went out to work; mother wore aprons and baked cupcakes. Little girls sat demurely watching little boys climb trees.
Plagiarized. Problem: This has been directly copied without quotation marks or credit to the author.

According to Delfattore, the Dick and Jane readers of several years ago pictured an unrealistic family life. Stories always seemed to take place in middle-class suburban neighborhoods where life was idyllic; parents never quarreled and children always obeyed.
Plagiarized. Problem: Although portions have been paraphrased and credit has been given to the author, quotation marks are still needed around the copied portion.

In the past, elementary school reading books told stories of an unrealistic life style. Families always lived in suburbia where homes and life were picture-perfect.
Plagiarized. Problem: Although this has been paraphrased, credit has not been given to the author.

The most important advice I can offer is this: Remember that you are a writer, not a compiler of previously published material. Although you will consult other writers, frequently for facts and background information, the value of your writing will depend on your own contribution.

Myrick Land, _Writing for Magazines_, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 1993.

Professional writers always credit their sources unless they are absolutely certain their information is available from a wide variety of references; you should too. General guidelines:

**Use quotation marks and credit the source when you copy exact wording.
**Use your own words-paraphrase instead of copying-when possible.

**Give credit for words and ideas that aren't your own, even if you paraphrase.

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Click on the picture to go to an exercise in avoiding plagiarism.

References:
Donald Bower, editor: _The Professional Writer's Guide_, The National Writer's Club, 1990.
Ellen M. Kozak, "The ABCs of Avoiding Plagiarism," _Writer's Digest_, July 1993.
Myrick E. Land: _Writing for Magazines_, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 1993.

Written by: Glendale Community College, Learning Assistance Center