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1. Card Stacking--when you pile on the negative information without thinking (or acknowledging) the positive elements.
2. Hasty Generalization--making a decision based on too little evidence.
3. Overgeneralization--taking a hasty generalization and applying it to ALL similar circumstances.
4. Ad Hominem--"against the man." When you turn the argument against the person who holds an opposing view rather than arguing about the issue at hand.
5. Non Sequitur--"it does not follow." Making a logical leap
where a point doesn't necessarily lead to the conclusion.
6. Shifting the burden of proof--saying to the audience "well, YOU can't prove anything different!"
7. Either/or--saying that there are only two ways to view the issue, and that your way is "right."
8. Post Hoc ergo propter hoc--"after therefore because." Assuming that because there is a time relationship (that something happened next) that therefore there is a causal relationship.
9. Circular--using different words with the same meaning in an effort to prove the side of the issue.
10. Begging the question--assumes that the foundation of your side is true without proving it, then using that foundation to build your argument. |  |
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