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Summary and Paraphrase

Here are options for the summary and paraphrase exercises. Remember that writing is never exact, and there may be nothing wrong with your choices for paraphrases--these are just good options.

Summary:

Interferon, a cancer treatment, has helped reduce tumors in several patients.

Paraphrase:

Much has been learned, particularly in recent years, as to the properties, including modifiability, of this endogenous rhythmicity. The fundamental problem, however, that of the timing mechanism of the rhythmic periods, has largely eluded any eminently reasonable hypotheses.

1. Recently, scientists have learned a great deal about the biological clock. They know how to change the rhythm of the cycle, but they have not been able to adequately explain what drives the timing of these periods (Brown).

Or: Recently, scientists have learned a lot about the way organic systems work on a schedule, otherwise known as the "biological clock," even about how to change its rhythm. However, something they have still not been able to understand or explain is the timing of the periods (Brown).

2. Lately, scientists have been able to make changes to the biological clock, which is the pattern that all life follows through growing, living and dying. However, these scientists have not been able to figure out how the system starts, or what makes the rhythm know when to begin.

If you need more samples or practice, please see one of these links:

Quote, Paraphrase, Summary handout

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Avoiding Plagiarism Handout